*Executive summary provided in English, French, Spanish and Indonesian* This report summarises the steps needed to design a system to assess and monitor change in ecosystem services resulting from afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration projects or programmes. Design of a monitoring scheme involves identifying how the results will be used, selecting appropriate indicators, defining a methodology for obtaining data and calculating indicators, and deciding how frequently monitoring will be undertaken. This report also refers to useful existing guidance on monitoring and indicators that will be of help in deciding what sort of monitoring to undertake and how to do so.

This document, and the related Multiple Benefits Series 6 on Methods for assessing and monitoring change in the ecosystem-derived benefits of afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration have been produced to support Viet Nam in its goals of attaining multiple benefits from forest. This document provides a basis for estimating the probable impacts of different forest cover creation approaches on the ecosystem-derived benefits of biodiversity, water provision, soil conservation and non-timber forest products. The companion paper provides guidance on designing a monitoring system and selecting to provide direct evidence of impacts.

This document, and the related Multiple Benefits Series 6 on Methods for assessing and monitoring change in the ecosystem-derived benefits of afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration have been produced to support Viet Nam in its goals of attaining multiple benefits from forest. This document provides a basis for estimating the probable impacts of different forest cover creation approaches on the ecosystem-derived benefits of biodiversity, water provision, soil conservation and non-timber forest products. The companion paper provides guidance on designing a monitoring system and selecting to provide direct evidence of impacts.

This document, and the related Multiple Benefits Series 6 on Methods for assessing and monitoring change in the ecosystem-derived benefits of afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration have been produced to support Viet Nam in its goals of attaining multiple benefits from forest. This document provides a basis for estimating the probable impacts of different forest cover creation approaches on the ecosystem-derived benefits of biodiversity, water provision, soil conservation and non-timber forest products. The companion paper provides guidance on designing a monitoring system and selecting to provide direct evidence of impacts.

*Executive summary provided in English, French, Spanish and Indonesian*

This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding relationships between carbon and biodiversity in tropical forests.

• At a global scale, tropical forests provide some of the highest levels of biomass carbon storage, productivity and biodiversity.

• Within tropical forests, spatial patterns of carbon dynamics and biodiversity are complex, with limited correlations between these variables.

• There are a number of environmental and historical factors that may have caused the observed variations in carbon dynamics and biodiversity across the tropics.

• The degree to which direct causal relationships exist between carbon dynamics and biodiversity in tropical forests is still uncertain, although experimental work in other ecosystems has shown that biodiversity often promotes productivity and stability.

• Areas of ongoing uncertainty include: the temporal variability of ecosystem processes and their response to environmental change; the importance of interactions between species, and the quantification of carbon stocks and fluxes in tropical soils and below-ground biomass

This paper investigates the relationship and potential synergies between monitoring systems for carbon stock changes and multiple benefits from REDD+.

*Executive summaries provided in English, French, Spanish and Indonesian* This paper investigates the relationship and potential synergies between monitoring systems for carbon stock changes and multiple benefits from REDD+.

This issues paper considers options to safeguard and enhance these benefits under a national REDD+ programme. It assesses the opportunities for and risks to these benefits during REDD+ preparation, design and implementation, measuring, reporting and verification. It focuses on those approaches to REDD+ for which there is scope to safeguard and/or enhance ecosystem-derived benefits, and which are included within the existing national strategies of UN-REDD Programme partner countries. It considers various tools and measures that are available to increase the opportunities for and decrease the risks to these benefits, and suggests some of the likely trade-offs between carbon, ecosystem-derived benefits and cost. Trade-offs may involve exchanging short-term use of resources for long-term sustainable use, or may involve a long-term prioritisation of one benefit over another.

*Executive summary provided in English, French, Spanish and Indonesian* This issues paper considers options to safeguard and enhance these benefits under a national REDD+ programme. It assesses the opportunities for and risks to these benefits during REDD+ preparation, design and implementation, measuring, reporting and verification. It focuses on those approaches to REDD+ for which there is scope to safeguard and/or enhance ecosystem-derived benefits, and which are included within the existing national strategies of UN-REDD Programme partner countries. It considers various tools and measures that are available to increase the opportunities for and decrease the risks to these benefits, and suggests some of the likely trade-offs between carbon, ecosystem-derived benefits and cost. Trade-offs may involve exchanging short-term use of resources for long-term sustainable use, or may involve a long-term prioritisation of one benefit over another.

This paper provides an overview of the issues surrounding and opportunities for achieving the ecosystem aspects of multiple benefits from Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in developing countries (REDD).

REDD+ can bring about benefits in addition to the primary benefit of carbon storage.   Through careful planning and implementation, additional benefits from biodiversity and ecosystem services can be secured. The decisions made and approaches adopted for different REDD+ activities will affect the type, extent and quality of biodiversity and ecosystem services that are delivered. The UN-REDD Programme is helping countries to integrate multiple benefits into their REDD+ planning.

A comprehensive resource kit from UNFPA and WEDO on gender, population and climate change. Learn how gender equality can reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts and how women are uniquely positioned to help curb the harmful consequences of a changing climate.

A comprehensive resource kit in French from UNFPA and WEDO on gender, population and climate change. Learn how gender equality can reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts and how women are uniquely positioned to help curb the harmful consequences of a changing climate.

A comprehensive resource kit from UNFPA and WEDO on gender, population and climate change. Learn how gender equality can reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts and how women are uniquely positioned to help curb the harmful consequences of a changing climate.

This guide in Spanish, developed by UNDP, aims to inform practitioners and policy makers of the linkages between gender equality and climate change and their importance in relation to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. It makes the case for why it is necessary to include women's voices, needs and expertise in climate change policy and programming.

A comprehensive resource kit in French from UNFPA and WEDO on gender, population and climate change. Learn how gender equality can reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts and how women are uniquely positioned to help curb the harmful consequences of a changing climate.